全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3369篇 |
免费 | 820篇 |
国内免费 | 1096篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3245篇 |
晶体学 | 191篇 |
力学 | 20篇 |
综合类 | 15篇 |
数学 | 11篇 |
物理学 | 1803篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 227篇 |
2022年 | 203篇 |
2021年 | 248篇 |
2020年 | 239篇 |
2019年 | 173篇 |
2018年 | 160篇 |
2017年 | 182篇 |
2016年 | 216篇 |
2015年 | 198篇 |
2014年 | 259篇 |
2013年 | 339篇 |
2012年 | 267篇 |
2011年 | 319篇 |
2010年 | 225篇 |
2009年 | 257篇 |
2008年 | 216篇 |
2007年 | 248篇 |
2006年 | 230篇 |
2005年 | 144篇 |
2004年 | 139篇 |
2003年 | 134篇 |
2002年 | 74篇 |
2001年 | 84篇 |
2000年 | 74篇 |
1999年 | 62篇 |
1998年 | 63篇 |
1997年 | 57篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5285条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
聚苯乙烯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的合成 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
以苯胺(An)为单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,在聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSSA)的水溶液中,合成了可完全溶于水的PSSA掺杂PAn。研究了An浓度,PSSA浓度,APS浓度,APS的滴加时间,反应时间及温度对An聚合反应及其产物的水溶性,导电性及特性粘度[η]的影响。结果表明:在比较宽的实验条件下,都可以合成出具有良好导电性的可溶于水的PSSA掺杂PAn;其中当An:PSSA:APS的摩尔比为1.7:2.5:1,APS溶液的滴加时间为3h,反应时间为1h,反应温度为14℃时,得到的掺杂PAn导电率最高达0.156S/cm。 相似文献
112.
113.
MENG Jian REN Yu-Fang LI Xiao-GuangLaboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry Physics Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin ChinaPopov V.V. Repin S.M. Smirnov LA. loffe Physicotechnical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia 《中国化学》1994,12(5):419-424
YBa2Cu3-xVxO7-y(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) superconductors have been prepared. X-ray diffraction shows that the system remains orthorhombic for all compositions studied, but for x > 0.4 V2O5 was detected as an impurity phase. Substitution of V5+ for Cu2+ occurs in the Cu(2) sites on the Cu(2)-O planes. The introduction of the high valence element, vanadium, produces the extra free-electrons. These electrons recombine with the positive carrier of the system. It makes depression of the mobility and the Hall number of YBa2Cu3-xVxO7-v and also results in a depression of TC. 相似文献
114.
Di Li Naoki Ohashi Shunichi Hishita Taras Kolodiazhnyi Hajime Haneda 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(11):3293-3302
An overall comparative study was carried out on N-doped, F-doped, and N-F-codoped TiO2 powders (NTO, FTO, NFTO) synthesized by spray pyrolysis in order to elucidate the origin of their visible-light-driven photocatalysis. The comparisons in their experimentally obtained characteristics were based on the analysis of XPS, UV-Vis, PL, NH3-TPD and ESR spectra. The comparisons in their theoretically predicted properties were based on the analysis of the calculated electronic structures. As the results, N-doping into TiO2 resulted in not only the improvement in visible-light absorption but also the creation of surface oxygen vacancies. F-doping produced several beneficial effects including the creation of surface oxygen vacancies, the enhancement of surface acidity and the increase of Ti3+ ions. Doped N atoms formed a localized energy state above the valence band of TiO2, whereas doped F atoms themselves had no influence on the band structure. The photocatalytic tests indicated that the NFTO demonstrated the highest visible-light activity for decompositions of both acetaldehyde and trichloroethylene. This high activity was ascribed to a synergetic consequence of several beneficial effects induced by the N-F-codoping. 相似文献
115.
F-doped TiO2 (FTO) powders were synthesized by spray pyrolysis (SP) from an aqueous solution of H2TiF6. The resulting FTO powders possessed spherical particles with a rough surface morphology and a strong surface acidity. The fluorine concentrations in the FTO powders calculated from XPS spectra significantly depended on SP temperature and ranged from 2.76 to 9.40 at.%. The FTO powder prepared at SP temperature of 1173 K demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of gas-phase acetaldehyde under both ultraviolet (UV) and visible light (vis) irradiations, and it was higher than that of commercial P 25. This high photocatalytic activity was ascribed to several beneficial effects produced by F-doping: enhancement of surface acidity, creation of oxygen vacancies, and increase of active sites. It was interesting to point out that the vis photocatalytic activity of FTO powders was achieved by the creation of surface oxygen vacancies rather than the improvement of optical absorption property of bulk TiO2 in vis region. 相似文献
116.
《Electroanalysis》2005,17(3):239-245
Oxygen dependence of a tyrosinase‐based electrochemical biosensor for determination of phenol in aqueous and organic media was systematically investigated. The result demonstrated that the enzymatic coupling reaction rate of tyrosinase (deoxy form) and O2 to regenerate tyrosinase (oxy form) is a kinetically fast reaction, and the significant change of O2 concentration in aqueous solution did not affect the coupling reaction. The further increase of O2 concentration did not increase the overall oxidation reaction rate of the substrate at low substrate concentration (e.g.,<10 μM phenol) when O2 concentration was greater than 8.9 ppm. The oxygen dependence was observed in the case of high substrate concentration due to insufficient amount of O2 available for the regeneration of tyrosinase. In other words, the upper linear range is oxygen dependent for tyrosinase biosensors. The phenol biosensors employing microelectrodes had wider upper linear ranges than macroelectrodes in both aqueous and organic phase, which can be explained by the oxygen dependence. 相似文献
117.
A study on the synthesis of La1−xAgxMnO3+δ (x = 0, 0.2) using a microwave process (MWhyd) has been carried out by comparing the heating time and reaction temperature with the same factor under conventional thermal process (CHhyd). Experiments have been conducted using the hydrothermal method at medium pressure (T = 200 °C, P = 20 atm) followed by a thermal treatment of the precursor at 700 °C (10 h).Structural and physico-chemical properties of the catalysts were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET sorption, temperature-programmed reduction or desorption, mass spectrometry (TPR-MS and TPD-MS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). While CHhyd and MWhyd powder catalysts exhibited the same XRD patterns indexed as pure perovskite structure, their surface physico-chemical properties were found to be strongly influenced by the preparation method. The effect of the nature of oxygen species, their amount and mobility, evidenced by temperature programmed experiments, on the catalytic properties in methane combustion in the presence and in the absence of hydrogen sulphide has been studied. MWhyd-La0.8Ag0.2MnO3+δ catalysts were found to exhibit a much better performance in methane combustion together with higher resistance to sulphur poisoning than CHhyd catalysts. 相似文献
118.
Hiroto Yoshida 《Tetrahedron》2007,63(22):4793-4805
A variety of aldehydes, ketones, benzoquinones, or sulfonylimines were found to couple with arynes and isocyanides, giving iminodihydroisobenzofuran or iminoisoindoline derivatives of structural diversity in a straightforward manner. Nucleophilic addition of isocyanides to arynes, a first step of the three-component coupling, was proved to be reversible by the reaction of an unsymmetrical aryne. 相似文献
119.
Rui M. Almeida Ana C. Marques Maurizio Ferrari 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2003,26(1-3):891-896
The present paper is focused on multilayer Er3+-doped silica-titania planar waveguides, co-doped with silver, which were prepared by spin-coating on silica glass, or buffered single crystal silicon substrates. The single layer thickness (0.4 m) and refractive index (1.60–1.63) were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry at 715 nm. The thickness of the waveguides (measured by mechanical profilometry) was 1 m and their optical propagation losses were measured at different laser wavelengths (488 nm, 514 nm and 633 nm), exhibiting an approximately Rayleigh-like behavior. The thermal precipitation of silver nanocrystallites was achieved, both in air and under a controlled atmosphere (dry nitrogen) and these were characterized by visible absorption spectroscopy, which clearly showed the development of a plasmon absorption band near 415 nm, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The Er3+ metastable level lifetimes for the emission at ca. 1.54 m were found to be ca. 4–6 ms, for Er3+ concentrations varying between 0.2–2.0 mol% (or (0.4–4.4) × 1020 ions/cm3), but no significant variation was observed with the Ag concentration added (up to 2.5 mol%). 相似文献
120.
Delano P. Chong 《中国化学会会志》1992,39(5):457-459
The vertical ionization potentials of OF2, HNF2, and CH2F2 were computed by the deMon density functional program. The results are compared with earlier calculations and with experiment. The average absolute deviation of the 21 computed ionization potentials of the outer valence electrons from experiment is 0.44 eV, which compares well with 0.37 eV for frozen-orbital configuration-interaction calculations. Although this performance is not as good as perturbation corrections to Koopmans' theorem, the computation requirements are much less demanding. 相似文献